Design, and optimization of COVID-19 hospital wards to produce Oxygen and electricity through solar PV panels with hydrogen storage systems by neural network-genetic algorithm.

COVID-19 has affected energy consumption and production pattern in various sectors in both rural and urban areas. Consequently, energy demand has increased. Therefore, most health care centers report a shortage of energy, particularly during the summer seasons. Therefore, integrating renewable energies into hospitals is a promising method that can generate electricity demand reliably and emits less CO2. In this research paper, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) with hydrogen energy storage is simulated to cover the energy demand of sections and wards of a hospital that dealt with COVID-19 patients. Produced Oxygen from the hydrogen storage system is captured and stored in medical capsules to generate the oxygen demand for the patients. Results indicate that 29.64% of the annual consumed energy is utilized in COVID-19 sections. Afterward, modeled system has been optimized with a neural network-genetic algorithm to compute the optimum amount of the demand power from the grid, CO2 emission, oxygen capsules, and cost rate. Results determine that by having 976 PV panels, 179 kW fuel cell, and 171.2 kW electrolyzer, annual CO2 emission is 315.8 tons and 67,833 filled medical oxygen capsules can be achieved. The cost rate and demand electricity from the grid for the described system configuration are 469.07 MWh/year and 18.930 EUR/hr, respectively.

Electrochemical Oxygen Generator With 99.9% Oxygen Purity and High Energy Efficiency

Under the growing crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the global medical system is facing the predicament of an acute shortage of medical‐grade oxygen (O2, ≥ 99.5% purity). Herein, an oxygen generation device is manufactured that relies on electrochemical technology. The performance of the electrochemical oxygen generator (EOG) is remarkably improved to a practically applicable level, achieving long‐term (>200 h), stable, and quick production (>1.5 L min−1) of high purity O2 (99.9%) at high energy efficiency (496 L kW−1 h−1), via simultaneous optimization for intrinsic electrochemical reaction mechanisms, electrocatalysts, and external cell structure. The EOG also presents powerful competitiveness in user experience, which finds expression in high portability (4.7 kg), nearly instant O2 production (<1 s), and a quiet working condition (<39 dB). The EOG shows great potential to substitute commercial pressure swing adsorption O2 generation devices, which may significantly impact the traditional oxygen production industry. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Advanced Energy Materials is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

OXYGEN IN THE COVID-19 CONTEXT: WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE MOLECULE WE BREATHE AND THE CENTRAL ROLE OF CHEMISTRY

In this work, the role of chemistry in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is highlighted through the medical oxygen supply crises in Brazil, as an example of oxygen utility in health. Starting from oxygen chemical characterization, the oxygen cycle in nature is discussed to show how oxygen is formed through photosynthesis, followed by the description of the industrial oxygen production from atmospheric air, including physical-chemical aspects. The use of medical oxygen concentrator is presented and how this device works from the chemical point of view. Besides, the noninvasive and painless oximetry is described in terms of how oxygen saturation level in blood is measured using LED - light emitting diode. © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Quimica. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of applicability of Nd- and Sm-substituted Y1-xRxMnO3+delta in temperature swing absorption for energy-related technologies

An attempt is undertaken to chemically modify YMnO3+delta by the partial substitution of Y with larger Nd and Sm, aiming to boost the oxygen storage performance in the temperature swing process. Single-phase (P6(3)cm) Y0.95Nd0.05MnO3+delta and Y0.95Sm0.05MnO3+delta compounds are obtained in a sol-gel auto-combustion process followed by the annealing at 1000 degrees C in Ar. Both materials show improved oxygen storage capacity, however, doping with Nd3+ enables the effective operation in air - capacity reached 1453 mu mol-O g(-1), which is over 86% of the capacity in O-2. As documented for the Nd-containing sample, oxygen absorption is accompanied by oxidation of Mn(3+)to Mn4+, and no changes in the valence of neodymium occur. The reversible oxygen intake and release occur at exceptionally low temperatures for Y0.95Nd0.05MnO3+delta, as low as in the 201-240 degrees C range. This enables utilization of the recovery of low-and medium-temperature waste heat. In addition, the paper presents the impact of the preparation route of the material on the oxygen storage-related performance. It is shown that lowering of the annealing temperature allows to further increase the rate of O-2 absorption, making the material a promising candidate for practical application, however, it results also in the presence of the secondary phases. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

LCA and economic study on the local oxygen supply in Central Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medical oxygen is the key to survival for COVID-19 patients. To meet the pandemic-driven oxygen demand spike, local hospitals began searching for a suitable medical oxygen delivery system. Among the studies published on the impact of COVID-19 on a range of aspects, including the global economy and the environment, no study has been conducted on the environmental impact of medical oxygen supply to hospitals under epidemic conditions. In this paper the authors perform a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of three scenarios (oxygen cylinders, liquid oxygen in tanks and on-site oxygen production) of local oxygen supply to hospitals in Poland. The LCA was performed according to ISO 14040 -14044 standards requirements, using the SimaPro 9.0 software. Results from the analysis showed that the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Fine Particulate Matter Formation Potential (FPMFP) indicators for the liquid oxygen in tank scenario are the lowest and equal 265 kg CO2 eq and 0.309 kg PM2.5 eq. respectively. The greatest terrestrial acidification reductions (-1.38 kg SO2 eq) can be achieved when applying the on-site oxygen production scenario. Our findings revealed that the oxygen in cylinders scenario has the most harmful impact on the environment. The economic analysis was performed in order to compare the monthly and annual operational costs of analysed scenarios. The results show that hospitals sustain the lowest annual costs when using the on-site oxygen production scenario.